import inspect
from collections.abc import Mapping


def render_template(templates, request, template_name: str, context: Mapping | None = None, **response_kwargs):
    context_dict = dict(context or {})
    parameters = list(inspect.signature(templates.TemplateResponse).parameters)

    if parameters and parameters[0] == "request":
        return templates.TemplateResponse(request, template_name, context_dict, **response_kwargs)

    context_dict.setdefault("request", request)
    return templates.TemplateResponse(template_name, context_dict, **response_kwargs)