Fix icon hover colors, text alignment, and UI improvements
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Krikorios
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# Backend Security Fixes Applied
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## Date: February 24, 2026
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### Summary
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Comprehensive backend security review and fixes applied to the MSPE website PHP API. All critical and high-priority security issues have been addressed.
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---
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## Issues Fixed
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### 1. ✅ Missing CSRF Protection on Auth Endpoints
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**File:** `api/auth.php`
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**Issue:** Login and password reset endpoints didn't validate same-origin requests.
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**Fix:** Added `requireSameOriginRequest()` call to auth POST endpoints.
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**Impact:** Prevents cross-site request forgery attacks on authentication endpoints.
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### 2. ✅ Inconsistent Response Function Implementation
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issue:** `jsonResponse()` used `exit()` instead of `die()`, and didn't clean output buffer.
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**Fix:** Changed to `die()` and added `ob_clean()` for consistency, plus JSON flags for proper Unicode handling.
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**Impact:** Ensures clean API responses, better error handling.
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### 3. ✅ Email Validation Issues
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**Files:** `api/auth.php`, `api/config.php`, `api/contact.php`
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**Issue:** Missing email format validation in several endpoints.
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**Fixes:**
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- Added email validation in password reset request
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- Added comprehensive email parameter validation in `sendEmail()` function
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- Added email validation in contact form submission
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- Added email validation to subscribe endpoint (already present)
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**Impact:** Prevents malformed email data and reduces SMTP errors.
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### 4. ✅ Email Function Error Handling
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issue:** `sendEmail()` lacked parameter validation and error handling.
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**Fixes:**
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- Validates all email addresses with `filter_var()`
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- Validates subject and body are not empty
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- Validates reply-to email if provided
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- Returns structured error responses
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**Impact:** Better error reporting for email failures.
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### 5. ✅ recordFailedLogin Code Smell
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**File:** `api/auth.php`
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**Issue:** Function called `getRequestBody()` internally, causing double-parsing.
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**Fix:** Changed to accept username parameter instead of re-parsing body.
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**Impact:** Better code efficiency and clarity.
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### 6. ✅ File Upload Error Handling
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issue:** `mkdir()` and file operations lacked error checking.
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**Fixes:**
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- Added return value checks for `mkdir()`
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- Added write-permission verification
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- Added path traversal protection in media deletion
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- Added socket validity checks in file operations
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**Impact:** Prevents file system errors and directory traversal attacks.
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### 7. ✅ SMTP Socket Connection Hardening
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issues:**
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- Timeout was too short (20 seconds)
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- Missing socket validity checks
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- Missing timeout detection
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- Missing parameter validation for port
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**Fixes:**
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- Increased timeout to 30 seconds
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- Added socket resource checks before operations
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- Added timeout detection in expect function
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- Added port range validation (1-65535)
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- Added proper error logging
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**Impact:** More robust SMTP email delivery with better error handling.
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### 8. ✅ Date/Time Validation in Bookings
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**File:** `api/bookings.php`
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**Issues:**
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- No validation of date format (YYYY-MM-DD)
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- No validation of time format (HH:MM)
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- No validation of time values (hours 0-23, minutes 0-59)
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- No capacity range validation
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**Fixes:**
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- Added regex validation for date format
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- Added regex validation for time format
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- Added range checks for hours and minutes
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- Added capacity range validation (1-100)
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- Applied to `createAvailabilitySlot()` and `blockTime()` functions
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**Impact:** Prevents invalid data entry and database corruption.
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### 9. ✅ Phone Number Validation
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**File:** `api/contact.php`
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**Issue:** Phone numbers weren't validated.
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**Fix:** Added basic phone number validation (minimum 5 digits, allows standard formatting).
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**Impact:** Better contact form data quality.
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### 10. ✅ SQL Injection Prevention Enhancement
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issue:** Table name validation could theoretically be improved.
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**Fix:** Added table name length check (max 64 chars) and validation in ensureTable().
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**Impact:** Additional layer of SQL injection prevention.
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### 11. ✅ Media Path Traversal Protection
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**File:** `api/media.php`
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**Issue:** Media deletion didn't verify files were in upload directory.
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**Fix:** Added `realpath()` check to verify path is within UPLOAD_DIR before deletion.
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**Impact:** Prevents directory traversal attacks in file deletion.
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### 12. ✅ JSON Response Security
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**File:** `api/config.php`
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**Issue:** JSON responses didn't specify encoding flags.
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**Fix:** Added `JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE` flags for proper encoding.
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**Impact:** Better handling of international characters and special characters.
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---
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## Security Best Practices Already in Place
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✅ **Password Hashing:** Using `password_hash()` with PASSWORD_DEFAULT
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✅ **Rate Limiting:** Per-IP and per-username rate limiting on login attempts
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✅ **CSRF Protection:** `requireSameOriginRequest()` on public POST endpoints
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✅ **Input Sanitization:** Using `sanitize()` and `sanitizeRichText()` functions
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✅ **JWT Authentication:** Secure token-based authentication with expiration
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✅ **HTTPS/TLS:** HSTS headers and SSL/TLS enforcement
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✅ **Security Headers:** XSS, clickjacking, and content security policy headers
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✅ **Audit Logging:** All security events logged with IP, user, and timestamp
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✅ **File Upload Validation:** MIME type verification and extension whitelist
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✅ **SQL Injection Prevention:** Prepared statements and parameterized queries
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✅ **Email Validation:** Using PHP's FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL
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✅ **Error Handling:** Proper error codes and messages without exposing internals
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---
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## Recommendations for Further Hardening
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### High Priority
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1. **Environment Configuration Review**
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- Ensure `.env` file is not in webroot
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- Verify JWT_SECRET is properly set in production
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- Set APP_ENV to 'production' in production servers
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2. **Database Monitoring**
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- Implement connection logging for debugging
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- Monitor for unusual query patterns
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- Set up alerts for failed authentication attempts
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3. **Rate Limiting Enhancement**
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- Consider implementing Redis-based rate limiting for better performance
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- Add rate limiting to API endpoints (currently only on auth/contact)
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### Medium Priority
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1. **API Documentation**
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- Document all endpoints with required authentication
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- Add rate limit information to API docs
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- Document error codes and messages
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2. **Monitoring & Alerts**
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- Implement email notifications for failed login attempts (after threshold)
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- Monitor email delivery failures
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- Track usage patterns for anomaly detection
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3. **Testing**
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- Add automated security tests for input validation
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- Test rate limiting thresholds
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- Validate CORS configuration
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### Low Priority
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1. **Performance Optimization**
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- Cache frequently accessed data
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- Consider pagination defaults
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- Optimize database queries
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2. **Code Quality**
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- Add type hints to functions
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- Increase test coverage
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- Add PHPDoc comments to all functions
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---
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## Files Modified
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- `api/auth.php` - CSRF protection, email validation, recordFailedLogin fix
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- `api/config.php` - Email validation, file handling, SMTP hardening, JSON response, SQL injection prevention
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- `api/contact.php` - Email validation, phone validation
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- `api/bookings.php` - Date/time validation, capacity validation
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- `api/media.php` - Path traversal protection
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---
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## Testing Recommendations
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### 1. Authentication Testing
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```bash
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# Test CSRF protection
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curl -X POST https://example.com/api/auth.php \
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-H "Origin: https://malicious.com" \
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-d '{"action":"login","username":"admin","password":"test"}'
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# Should return 403
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```
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### 2. Email Validation Testing
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```bash
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# Test invalid email
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curl -X POST https://example.com/api/contact.php \
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-d '{"email":"invalid-email"}'
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# Should return 400
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```
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### 3. Date/Time Validation Testing
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```bash
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# Test invalid date format
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curl -X POST https://example.com/api/bookings.php?action=create-slot \
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-H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \
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-d '{"date":"2026-02-invalid","time":"14:30"}'
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# Should return 400
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```
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---
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## Deployment Checklist
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- [ ] Update .env file with strong JWT_SECRET
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- [ ] Set APP_ENV=production
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- [ ] Enable HTTPS/TLS
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- [ ] Configure SMTP credentials
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- [ ] Set up backup and restore procedures
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- [ ] Configure log rotation
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- [ ] Test all email functionality
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- [ ] Test all booking functionality
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- [ ] Run security header verification
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- [ ] Update API documentation
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- [ ] Train support team on new error messages
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- [ ] Monitor for any issues in first 24 hours
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---
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## Version History
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| Date | Version | Changes |
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|------|---------|---------|
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| 2026-02-24 | 1.0 | Initial security audit and fixes |
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---
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## Contact
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For security concerns or issues, contact: info@mspe.pro
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